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More than six million Toyota hybrid vehicles had been sold worldwide as of the end of 2013. More than 30 companies have emerged or expanded their efforts in the United States to provide pioneering solutions for vehicle pollution: Baker, Detroit Electric, GE, Studebaker, and Woods to name just a few. Since then, the major automotive companies have been increasingly involved in the development of ecological vehicles.
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By 2002, the cumulaive HEV sales exceeded 100,000 vehicles and reached 1.5 million by 2008. Toyota introduced the Prius to the Japanese market in 1997, while Honda presented the Insight in California the following year. According to Dijk and Yarime, the market for Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) became sustainable after 1995. The leaders in the automobile industry - namely, Toyota1, Nissan, Honda and General Motors - have been creating new technologies in order to use renewable energy sources in their vehicles. In this sense, hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) could play an important role, particularly in China, India, and in Western countries. Additionally, we would like to thank Alejandro Palacios, Daniel Esquivel and Ana Marcela Hernandez (Research Assistants) for their valuable time and support.Ĭountries do, however, adversely affect the prospects for sustainable development. In particular, we would like to thank the Advanced Manufacturing Research Group of Tecnologico de Monterrey. * We thank all of those who directly and indirectly provided academic support for the development of this research. The new opportunities for economic growth created in these It is expected that the rise of emerging economies will lead to more demand for hybrid vehicles. Other initiatives for the development of hybrid vehicles were introduced in the early 21st century. the Amendment to the Clean Air Act in 1990, the Energy Policy Act in 1992, and other regulations issued by the California Air Resources Board). The US implemented important laws and policies focusing on zero emissions in the early 1990s (e.g. There have been extensive efforts to develop new technologies for hybrid vehicles in recent years to address these issues. These environmental problems require radical changes in the use of energy within the automotive sector. Fossil fuels produce chemicals and toxic compounds which alter the growth of plants and ultimately affect human health. Birds, fish, corals, and other marine wildlife are harmed by water pollution, often caused by oil spills. The use of fossil fuels affects not only the air quality but also the quality of water, soil, flora, and fauna, causing environmental and social disasters. Over the last 30 years, several hurricanes have occurred due to climate change, and the habitats of at least 279 species in the Arctic and Antarctic are threatened. Gas emissions have increased the effects of global warming, affecting the Earth and sea levels. The fact that fossil fuels represent approximately 80% of overall fuel usage shows the extent to which society today depends on fossil fuels. The use of environmentally friendly energy sources represents a need that society must address. Evidence from leaders in the development of hybrid vehicles demonstrates the productivity of the methodology for analyzing patent data developed by the authors. The paper assesses the state-of-art and the future of the industry.
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The global prospects of this process can be estimated by systematically analyzing patents outlined in international patent databases. Carmakers invest significant resources into the development of advanced hybrid vehicles. The production of hybrid vehicles has experienced intense growth in recent years. (2015) Technological Landscape and Collaborations in Hybrid Vehicles Industry. Patent analysis hybrid vehicles collaborative research hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) green car technologyĬitation: Rodriguez M., Paredes F. E-mail: de Innovacion en Diseno y Tecnologia, Tecnologico de Monterrey)Īddress: Avenida Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Colonia Tecnologico, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, 64849, Mexico Technological Landscape and Collaborations in Hybridvehides Industry*